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Assess Project Design; |
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Borrower has insufficient capacity to monitor decentralized units. |
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Heavy reliance on local shopping and NCB procurement methods. |
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Non-ideal location of physical works (possible vested interests in land acquisition) |
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Inflated costs estimates; |
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No “Value Reviews” during detailed design, and/or failure to adopt least-cost solutions. |
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Environmental and Country Risk (ECR)
The ECR would assess the country environment in relation to corrupt practices. Among the questions to be answered:
- Are bribes necessary to obtain contracts, licenses and permits? If so, what are the methodologies and schemes most commonly employed?
- Are conflicts of interest between government officials and businesses common?
- What is the status of anti-corruption programs at the national, state and local level?
- Does the government have the capacity to uncover, detect and prosecute corruption at the highest level of government?
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Systems and Control Review
The systems and control review would assess what anti-corruption measures are in place to prevent corruption from occurring within a given project.
For example:
- Are auditors trained to spot indicators of corruption?
- Are the government officials who manage the project required to make financial disclosure of their assets and outside ownership interests?
- Are appropriate hotlines established for reporting corruption by both government watchdogs and civil society?
- Are companies bidding on the project required to maintain corporate governance and compliance programs?
- Are investigative assets available to follow up on allegations of fraud and corruption?
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Human Factors
This analysis examines reputations, associations, activities and the ethical behavior patterns of individuals running the projects.
For example:
- Do the project individuals have undisclosed liabilities or questionable financial reporting?
- Do project officials have existing allegations of corruption?
- Do they have a reputation for obtaining bribes in their official capacity?
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This tool helps in assessing a project or region for possible or actual vulnerability to fraud and corruption from a broad perspective. A detailed questionnaire is used, often implemented by another NGO, with funding from the Bank, which conducts detailed research of key stakeholders involved in various Bank-financed contracts. The survey population would include government staff, business groups, contractors and previously unsuccessful bidders. |
